Immigration in Ohio 101: What You Need to Know

Immigration has long played a significant role in shaping the social, cultural, and economic landscape of the Buckeye State. From bustling neighborhoods in Columbus to tight-knit communities in Toledo and Cleveland, Ohio immigrants continue to contribute to the vitality and growth of the region. Whether you’re an immigrant looking to understand your rights or a concerned family member navigating legal processes, this guide will provide a foundational understanding of immigration in Ohio, including state-specific policies, court procedures, and eligibility for public benefits. Let’s dive into the basics of Ohio immigration laws and what they mean for residents, families, and newcomers. 

Overview of Immigration in Ohio

Ohio is home to over half a million immigrants, representing more than 5% of the state’s population. These individuals come from countries around the globe, including Mexico, India, China, Somalia, and Guatemala. Many immigrants in Ohio work in industries such as healthcare, agriculture, education, and construction, making them integral to the local economy. 

As federal immigration laws govern the entry, residency, and removal of non-citizens, state laws like Ohio immigration laws typically address issues such as public benefits, education, and interaction with local law enforcement. However, understanding the interplay between federal authority and state enforcement is key to navigating immigration laws in Columbus, Ohio, and throughout the state.

Immigration Laws in Ohio

While immigration policy is primarily dictated by federal law, immigration laws in Ohio reflect how the state chooses to implement and enforce federal standards. Notably, Ohio has not passed any statewide legislation requiring local law enforcement to participate in federal immigration enforcement programs, such as ICE detainers. However, some jurisdictions within the state have chosen to cooperate more closely with federal authorities.

One controversial topic in recent years has been Ohio’s illegal immigration law. While Ohio does not have a comprehensive state law criminalizing undocumented immigration, it does enforce certain regulations that can impact non-citizens, such as requiring legal status for obtaining public benefits and identification cards.

Can Undocumented Immigrants Get a Driver’s License in Ohio?

This is one of the most common questions for undocumented individuals; the short answer is no. As of now, Ohio law requires proof of lawful presence in the United States to obtain a standard driver’s license or state ID. This means that undocumented immigrants, even those who have lived in Ohio for years, are not eligible for a driver’s license unless legislation is passed to change this requirement. This restriction can significantly impact mobility and access to work, schooling, and healthcare for immigrants in Ohio who are undocumented.

Can Legal Immigrants Get SNAP in Ohio?

Another common concern involves eligibility for public benefits, particularly food assistance. In Ohio, legal immigrants can get SNAP, but with limitations. Legal immigrants, including green card holders and refugees, may be eligible for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) in Ohio. However, eligibility depends on immigration status, income, length of U.S. residency, and other criteria. Most lawful permanent residents must wait five years before becoming eligible for SNAP unless they meet specific exemptions, such as being a refugee or asylee. Non-citizens concerned about applying for public assistance should consult with a qualified immigration attorney to avoid issues related to the public charge rule.

Can Immigrants Vote in Ohio?

Immigrants are not able to vote in Ohio unless they are U.S. citizens. Only U.S. citizens are permitted to vote in federal and state elections in Ohio. Attempting to vote without being a citizen can result in several consequences, including deportation or denial of naturalization. Even lawful permanent residents (green card holders) are barred from voting until they complete the naturalization process. Local governments in other states, such as California, Maryland, and Vermont, have allowed non-citizens to vote in limited elections, but Ohio immigration laws strictly prohibit non-citizen voting in any election.

Immigration Court in Ohio

Individuals facing deportation or removal proceedings will likely encounter the Ohio immigration court system. The state is home to one primary immigration court, located in Cleveland, though some cases are heard remotely, depending on the circumstances and the judge’s discretion. 

If you’re facing removal proceedings or seeking asylum, understanding immigration court proceedings in Ohio is vital. Immigration courts differ significantly from criminal courts. They are civil courts under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Department of Justice’s Executive Office for Immigration Review (EOIR), meaning the burden of proof often rests on the immigrant, and the government does not provide legal representation. Whether you’re in Columbus, Cincinnati, or any other part of the state, working with an experienced immigration attorney can improve your chances of a favorable outcome in court. 

Immigration Law in Columbus, Ohio

As the state capital and one of the fastest-growing cities in the Midwest, Columbus plays a central role in immigration law in Columbus, Ohio. The city is home to a growing number of immigrants and refugees and has seen increased demand for legal services related to asylum applications, family petitions, and DACA renewals. 

While Columbus does not currently identify as a “sanctuary city,” its community organizations and legal professionals continue to support immigrants through services, education, and legal defense. If you’re an immigrant living in Central Ohio, it’s crucial to understand how local resources can support your legal status or application process. 

Recent Developments in Ohio Immigration Policy

Although Ohio has not passed sweeping immigration reform legislation, recent years have seen incremental changes. For example:

• Some state lawmakers have proposed a bill allowing non-citizens with valid work permits to obtain driver’s licenses.
• Columbus and Cleveland have taken steps to reduce cooperation with ICE for minor infractions.
• There has been an uptick in community-based legal aid groups offering assistance for asylum claims, TPS renewals, and deportation defence.

Additionally, the economic importance of immigrants in Ohio is increasingly recognized by policymakers, especially in fields with labor shortages such as agriculture, healthcare, and technology.

Why Legal Representation Matters

Immigration law is complex and ever-changing. Whether applying for a visa, facing deportation, or seeking asylum, navigating immigration in Ohio without professional guidance can be overwhelming and risky.

With increased security on documentation, benefit eligibility, and status verification, mistakes in paperwork or misunderstandings about eligibility can delay or derail your immigration journey. An experienced immigration attorney can help you understand your rights, gather appropriate documentation, and present your case effectively in Ohio immigration court. 

Partner with Jay Perez Law for Trusted Immigration Help

At Jay Perez Law, we understand the challenges and stress of immigration issues. With a deep knowledge of Ohio immigration laws and years of experience representing clients across the state—in both English and Spanish—we are committed to fighting for your rights, family, and future. 

Whether you’re seeking help with a green card application, facing deportation, or have questions about immigration law in Columbus, Ohio, our team is here to guide you every step of the way. Don’t navigate your immigration journey alone. Contact Jay Perez Law to schedule a consultation and get the expert help you deserve.